An induction type power supply system with synchronous rectification control for data transmission is disclosed to include a supplying-end module with a supplying-end coil and a receiving-end module with a receiving-end coil for receiving power supply from the supplying-end coil and providing a feedback data signal to the supplying-end coil during power supply transmission subject to the operation of a rectifier and signal feedback circuit of the receiving-end module that breaks off electric current transiently to change the load characteristics of the receiving-end coil, assuring a high level of data signal transmission stability and a high level of power transmission efficiency.