The accumulation of plastic waste generated by petrochemical industries in the environment has become a major issue. These polymers are non-degradable and cause waste disposal problems of environmental pollution. To overcome this, researchers have developed an environmental-friendly, fully biodegradable plastics, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHAs are recently found to be a suitable alternative to conventional petrochemical plastics because of their similar material properties and complete degradability that can spontaneously decompose in the ocean. PHAs are microbial polyesters synthesized by numerous bacteria intracellularly as a source of carbon and energy. Accumulation frequently occurs when carbon is in excess and if at least one other nutrient, essential for growth is depleted. Although numerous bacteria are known to produce PHAs during their growth, only a few of them are reported to produce high concentrations of PHAs in their biomass. Since more than 150 PHA structures have been found so far, a wide variety of microbial species are reported to produce these polyesters. These PHA-producing bacteria have been known from diverse environments, this technology is to screen the potential PHA-producing strains from sewage sludge or other natural environments.

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