CRISPR/Cas9 is the powerful and popular genome editing technology which can recognize target gene by a single guide RNA with the advantages of precision, high efficiency, easy manipulation, and low cost to be applied to promote the precision breeding of aquatic organisms. The potentials of genome editing in the precision breeding of ornamental fish are mainly focused on infertility control, alternation of color and shape, growth promotion, sex control, stress tolerance, virus resistance, etc.

We had performed targeted mutagenesis on critical dnd1 gene which is essential for survival of primordial germ cells by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in ornamental fish zebrafish and freshwater angelfish. The dnd1 homozygous zebrafish mutant became all-male but still have normal courtship behavior. According to histological sections of the gonad, the dnd1 homozygous mutant has no germ cell in the gonad was observed and can not fertilize the spawn eggs of female fish. The dnd1 homozygous mutant angelfish was also successfully established in F2 and no germ cell was observed in the gonad.

The dnd1 heterozygous mutant mating with fluorescent transgenic fish can introduce dnd1 mutation into transgenic fish to generate dnd1 homozygous and sterile mutant transgenic fish in F2 generation. This infertility control technology can be applied in complete infertility control of transgenic fish and precious non-GMO strains to prevent the outflow of new strains. The potentials of genome editing in precision breeding of ornamental fish are mainly focused on infertility control, alternation of color and shape, growth promotion, sex control, stress tolerance, virus resistance, etc.

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